Contributors: Deborah Lindell and Peggy ChinnAesthetic KnowingEthical KnowingEmancipatory and Sociopolitical KnowingEmpiric KnowingPersonal and Spiritual Knowing In 1978, Barbara Carper published the article titled “Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing”.  In this article, now a classic publication with a profound effect on the discipline, Carper identified four patterns of knowing: empirical, personal, ethical, and aesthetic.  This … Continue reading Overview – Patterns of Knowing in Nursing